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/* Shared academic navigation and document pages */
nav a{position:relative;padding:8px 0;color:var(--muted)}nav a:hover{color:var(--blue)}nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}nav a[aria-current=page]:after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;height:2px;background:var(--blue)}.brand-affiliation{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--muted)}.bio-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:290px 1fr;gap:80px;padding:82px 54px 100px;min-height:75vh}.profile{padding-top:8px}.profile h1{font-size:62px;line-height:1.05;margin:25px 0}.profile h1 span{display:block;font-size:24px;letter-spacing:0;margin-top:15px;color:var(--muted)}.profile-role{font-size:19px;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:10px}.profile-school{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);max-width:200px}.profile-links{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:15px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:25px;margin-top:32px;font-size:14px;max-width:230px}.profile-links a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.bio-copy h2{font-size:42px;margin-bottom:28px}.bio-copy>p:not(.eyebrow){font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:18px;line-height:1.85;color:#394658}.bio-copy em{color:inherit}.document-page{max-width:1040px;margin:auto;padding:70px 54px 100px;min-height:75vh}.document-page>h1{font-size:64px;letter-spacing:-2px;margin-bottom:20px}.page-lead{font-size:19px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:50px}.cv-block{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px 1fr;gap:35px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0}.cv-block h2{font-size:26px}.cv-block h3{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:8px}.cv-block p{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:25px}.availability-note{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:25px}.teaching-empty{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:35px}.teaching-empty p{color:var(--muted)}@media(max-width:900px){.brand-affiliation{display:none}.bio-layout{gap:40px;grid-template-columns:230px 1fr;padding:60px 35px}.profile h1{font-size:52px}}@media(max-width:600px){header{height:auto;min-height:110px;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;padding:20px 24px}header nav{width:100%;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}header .brand{font-size:20px}.brand-affiliation{display:inline;font-size:12px}.bio-layout{display:block;padding:35px 24px 50px}.profile{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:30px;margin-bottom:35px}.profile h1{font-size:48px}.profile h1 br{display:none}.profile h1 br:after{content:" "}.profile h1 span{display:inline;font-size:22px}.profile-role br{display:none}.profile-links{max-width:none;flex-direction:row;border:0;padding:0;margin-top:24px}.profile-links a{gap:20px}.profile-school{max-width:none}.bio-copy h2{font-size:33px}.bio-copy>p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:17px}.document-page{padding:40px 24px 60px}.document-page>h1{font-size:46px}.cv-block{display:block}.cv-block h2{margin-bottom:25px}footer{gap:25px;align-items:start}footer span:last-child{max-width:200px;text-align:right}}

/* Research entries: one paper, its context, and its figures. */
.research-page{padding:58px 54px 85px}.research-heading{margin-bottom:40px}.research-heading h1{font-size:54px;letter-spacing:-1.8px;margin:0}.paper{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.paper:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.paper>summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px;padding:30px 0}.paper>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.paper>summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #6c95ff;outline-offset:5px}.paper>summary:hover h2{color:var(--blue)}.paper-summary{min-width:0}.paper h2{font-size:24px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:-.3px;margin:0 0 6px}.paper-number{color:var(--blue);margin-right:5px}.paper-authors{font-size:16px;color:var(--muted);margin:4px 0 14px}.paper-meta{padding-left:20px;margin:12px 0 0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;color:#526074;list-style-type:square}.paper-meta li{margin:4px 0}.paper-meta em{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);font-style:italic}.paper-meta strong{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}.paper-chevron{width:11px;height:11px;flex-shrink:0;border-right:1.7px solid #798698;border-bottom:1.7px solid #798698;transform:rotate(45deg);margin:11px 5px 0 0;transition:transform .2s}.paper[open] .paper-chevron{transform:rotate(225deg);margin-top:16px}.paper-content{padding:4px 0 36px}.figure-pair{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:22px;align-items:stretch}.figure-pair figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid #e5eaf0;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 12px 14px;min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.figure-image{aspect-ratio:600/440;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:0}.figure-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain}.figure-pair figcaption{font-size:14px;color:#657184;text-align:center;border-top:1px solid #edf0f5;padding-top:12px;margin-top:10px;line-height:1.5}.industry-pair .figure-image{aspect-ratio:1.28}.energy-figure{background:#fff;border:1px solid #e5eaf0;border-radius:8px;padding:20px}.energy-controls{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px}.energy-controls h3{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;margin:0}.energy-controls button{background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:14px}.energy-scroll{overflow-x:auto}.energy-scroll svg{min-width:650px;width:100%}.energy-nodes rect,.energy-nodes circle{fill:#f4f7fd;stroke:#426dd0;stroke-width:1.3}.energy-nodes .grid-node{fill:#f7f4fb;stroke:#8263b2}.energy-nodes .other-node{fill:#fafbfd;stroke:#8a97a8}.energy-text{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;fill:var(--ink)}.energy-labels{font-size:14px;fill:#657184}.energy-caption{font-size:13px;color:#657184;line-height:1.6;margin:0;max-width:750px}.paper-empty{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);padding:20px;background:#f5f7fa;border-radius:6px;margin:0}@media(max-width:760px){.research-page{padding:36px 24px 55px}.research-heading{margin-bottom:30px}.research-heading h1{font-size:42px}.paper>summary{padding:26px 0;gap:15px}.paper h2{font-size:22px}.paper-authors{font-size:15px}.paper-meta{font-size:14px}.figure-pair{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}.figure-pair figure{padding:12px}.energy-figure{padding:14px}.energy-controls h3{font-size:14px}.energy-controls button{white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px}.energy-caption{font-size:12px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.paper-chevron{transition:none}}

/* Guanling Yang: Rochester identity and compact academic pages. */
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